Marine Biological Carbon Dioxide Removal
Creation or restoration of carbon sinks from natural marine resources. Includes: Restoration or cultivation of marine species, typically primary producers, with the primary aim of carbon sequestration (e.g. restoration, afforestation).
These types of interventions pose a range of risks and challenges. Resources exist to help identify and address these.
Useful resources
Morrison, T. H. el al. 2025. Governing novel climate interventions in rapidly changing oceans. Science 389:eadq0174
Arzeno-Soltero, I. B. et al. 2023. Large global variations in the carbon dioxide removal potential of seaweed farming due to biophysical constraints. Communications Earth & Environment 4: 185.
Billing, S. L. et al. 2021. Is social license to operate relevant for seaweed cultivation in Europe? Aquaculture 534: 736203.
Boyd, P. W. et al. 2022. Potential negative effects of ocean afforestation on offshore ecosystems. Nature Ecology & Evolution 6: 675–683.
Hurd, C. L. et al. 2022. Forensic carbon accounting: assessing the role of seaweeds for carbon sequestration. Journal of Phycology 58: 347–363.