Manipulation of marine evolutionary processes and ecosystem function. Includes: 1) Controlling climate exacerbated destructive species via removal or killing of destructive species exhibiting an outbreak or range shift due to climate change; 2) Artificial manipulation of habitats via introduction of manufactured structures to oceans to provide specific ecosystem function, or support species and/or communities through survival, growth and reproduction; 3) Assisted evolution via acceleration of the rate of naturally occurring evolutionary processes to produce climate resilient individuals; 4) Synthetic biology through editing of genomes using natural or synthetic genes to create climate resilient individuals; and 5) Assisted migration via human-assisted spread of climate-adapted genotypes into populations sensitive to climate change impacts.

These types of interventions pose a range of risks and challenges. Resources exist to help identify and address these.